When is a Corneal Transplant (Keratoplasty) Needed?

A corneal transplant is required when the cornea becomes so damaged that it no longer functions properly. Common conditions that may necessitate a transplant include:

• Keratoconus

  – A progressive thinning of the cornea that causes it to bulge into a cone shape.

• Corneal Scarring

  – Due to infections, trauma, or chemical burns.

• Fuchs’ Dystrophy

  – A condition where the inner layer of the cornea deteriorates, leading to swelling and vision loss.

• Corneal Ulcers

  – Severe infections or ulcers that leave the cornea damaged.

• Previous Failed Corneal Transplant

  – Some patients may require a repeat transplant if the initial one fails.

• Hereditary Eye Conditions

  – Some genetic disorders can affect corneal health.

Who Performs Corneal Transplant Surgery?

Corneal transplant surgery is performed by an ophthalmologist specializing in corneal diseases and surgeries. These highly trained eye surgeons carefully assess each patient’s condition and determine the best type of transplant procedure.

What is the Procedure of Cornea Transplant (Keratoplasty)?

Corneal transplant surgery is a delicate procedure that follows these steps:

• Pre-Surgical Assessment:

  The patient undergoes a detailed eye examination, including corneal measurements and imaging.

• Anesthesia Administration:

  The procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia.

• Removal of the Damaged Cornea:

  The surgeon carefully removes the affected portion of the cornea using precision instruments.

• Donor Cornea Placement:

  The healthy donor cornea is prepared and positioned in place.

• Suturing or Fixation:

  The new cornea is secured using fine stitches or a laser-based attachment, depending on the technique used.

• Post-Operative Care:

  Medications and follow-up visits ensure the success of the transplant and prevent rejection.

What are the Types of Cornea Transplantation?

There are several types of corneal transplant procedures, each suited for different conditions:

• Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK):

  A full-thickness transplant where the entire cornea is replaced.

• Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK):

  Only the outer layers of the cornea are replaced, preserving the inner layers.

• Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK/DMEK):

  A selective replacement of the cornea’s innermost layer, often used for conditions like Fuchs’ dystrophy.

• Artificial Cornea Transplant (Keratoprosthesis):

  Used in cases where donor corneas are not an option.

Risk Factors of Cornea Transplantation

While corneal transplant surgery has a high success rate, some risks include:

• Rejection of the Donor Cornea

  – The immune system may attack the transplanted tissue.

• Infection

  – Post-surgical infections can occur if proper care is not taken.

• Increased Intraocular Pressure (Glaucoma)

  – A possible complication leading to optic nerve damage.

• Astigmatism

  – Irregular curvature of the cornea, sometimes requiring glasses or contact lenses.

• Swelling or Cloudiness

  – Can affect vision post-surgery.

How to Prepare for a Cornea Transplant?

Patients undergoing corneal transplant surgery should follow these steps:

• Undergo a comprehensive eye examination.

• Discuss medications with their doctor, as some may need to be stopped before surgery.

• Arrange for someone to assist them post-surgery.

• Follow pre-operative fasting instructions if required.

What to Expect After Cornea Transplant Surgery?

Recovery from cornea transplant surgery varies by individual and procedure type. Some general expectations include:

• Initial Healing Period:

  Vision may be blurry for a few weeks as the eye adjusts.

• Use of Eye Drops and Medications:

  Steroid eye drops help prevent rejection.

• Avoiding Strenuous Activities:

  Activities such as heavy lifting and rubbing the eyes should be avoided.

• Regular Follow-Up Visits:

  Monitoring is crucial to detect any complications early.

How to Take Care of Your Eyes After a Cornea Transplant?

To ensure a successful recovery, patients should:

• Follow the prescribed medication schedule.

• Protect their eyes from dust, wind, and bright sunlight.

• Avoid swimming and exposure to contaminated water.

• Wear protective glasses to prevent accidental injury.

• Report any sudden pain, redness, or vision changes immediately.

What Are the Alternatives to Cornea Transplant?

For some patients, alternative treatments may be considered before opting for corneal transplant surgery:

• Corneal Cross-Linking:

  Strengthens the cornea in keratoconus patients to slow progression.

• Specialty Contact Lenses:

  Scleral lenses can help improve vision in certain corneal conditions.

• Laser Treatments:

  Procedures like PTK (Phototherapeutic Keratectomy) can remove superficial corneal scars.

• Artificial Cornea (Keratoprosthesis):

  For severe cases where donor transplants are not viable.

Why Choose Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital for Cornea Transplant Surgery?

Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital is a leader in corneal transplantation and keratoplasty procedures, offering:

• Expert Corneal Surgeons:

  Highly trained specialists with years of experience.

• Advanced Facilities:

  Advanced diagnostic and surgical technology.

• Comprehensive Patient Care:

  From pre-surgical counseling to post-operative recovery.

• High Success Rates:

  Thousands of successful corneal transplants performed.

• Affordable and Transparent Pricing:

  Competitive pricing with accessible treatment plans.

Cornea transplantation (keratoplasty) is a life-changing procedure that restores vision and improves quality of life. With advanced surgical techniques and expert care, patients can expect a successful outcome and long-term visual improvement. If you or a loved one is considering a cornea transplant, consult an experienced ophthalmologist to explore the best options available.