Why is Vitrectomy Performed?

Vitrectomy surgery is performed to address several eye conditions, including:

• Retinal detachment:

  A condition where the retina separates from the underlying layer, causing vision loss if not treated immediately.

• Diabetic retinopathy:

  A diabetes-related eye condition that can cause blood vessels to leak into the vitreous, leading to vision impairment.

• Macular hole:

  A small break in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision.

• Vitreous hemorrhage:

  Bleeding into the vitreous cavity, which can occur due to trauma, diabetic eye disease, or retinal tears.

• Epiretinal membrane:

  A thin layer of scar tissue that forms on the retina, distorting vision.

• Eye injuries:

  Trauma to the eye that results in vitreous or retinal damage requiring surgical intervention.

Vitrectomy is often recommended when these conditions significantly impact a person’s ability to see clearly or if they pose a risk of permanent vision loss.

Who Needs Vitrectomy Surgery?

Patients experiencing vision impairment due to vitreous or retinal diseases may require vitrectomy eye surgery. A thorough examination by an eye specialist will determine the need for this procedure. Some of the signs that may indicate a need for vitrectomy include:

• Sudden or gradual vision loss

• Blurred vision that does not improve with glasses

• The presence of floaters or flashes of light

• Distorted or wavy vision

• Difficulty reading or recognizing faces

• Shadows or dark spots in the field of vision

In some cases, vitrectomy is performed as part of a combination surgery, such as cataract removal or retinal repair, to ensure optimal vision restoration.

Types of Vitrectomies

There are different types of vitrectomy procedures, including:

• Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV eye surgery):

  The most common method, performed for conditions affecting the retina and vitreous. This procedure is done through tiny incisions in the sclera (white part of the eye) using specialized instruments.

• Anterior vitrectomy:

  Performed when vitreous gel moves into the front part of the eye, usually after cataract surgery. It helps clear the visual pathway and prevent complications.

• Core vitrectomy:

  A partial vitrectomy focused on removing the central portion of the vitreous gel.

• Total vitrectomy:

  A complete removal of the vitreous gel to address severe conditions affecting the entire vitreous body.

Each type of vitrectomy is selected based on the specific eye condition and the overall treatment goals.

Common Indications of a Vitrectomy

Vitrectomy is recommended when vision is significantly impaired due to:

• Severe eye infections (endophthalmitis)

• Retained lens fragments after cataract surgery

• Trauma-related eye conditions leading to vitreous damage

• Floaters impacting daily activities and quality of life

• Scar tissue formation on the retina (proliferative vitreoretinopathy)

A comprehensive eye examination, including imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography, helps determine whether vitrectomy is necessary.

Step-by-Step Vitrectomy Procedure

1. Preoperative preparation:

   The eye is numbed using local or general anesthesia to ensure patient comfort.

2. Creating access:

   Small incisions are made in the sclera to insert surgical instruments.

3. Removing the vitreous:

   The vitreous gel is carefully removed using a vitrectomy probe.

4. Repairing the retina:

   If necessary, additional procedures like laser therapy or membrane peeling are performed.

5. Replacing the vitreous:

   The removed vitreous is replaced with a saline solution, gas bubble, or silicone oil to maintain eye shape.

6. Closing the incisions:

   The tiny incisions are self-healing, but in some cases, sutures may be used.

Recovery and Aftercare Following Vitrectomy Surgery

Post-surgery recovery includes:

• Using prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation.

• Wearing an eye shield to protect the operated eye.

• Avoiding strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and bending over.

• Keeping the head in a specific position if a gas bubble is used to support the retina.

• Regular follow-up visits to monitor healing and vision improvement.

The vitrectomy before and after results show significant improvement in vision when proper aftercare is followed.

What are the Risks of Vitrectomy?

Vitrectomy surgery, like any procedure, has risks, including:

• Infection:

  Rare but possible, requiring prompt medical attention.

• Increased eye pressure:

  Can lead to glaucoma if left untreated.

• Cataract formation:

  A common side effect, often requiring cataract surgery later.

• Retinal detachment:

  Occurs in some cases and may require further surgery.

• Bleeding inside the eye:

  Can delay visual recovery.

Potential Risks and Complications of Vitrectomy

Although vitrectomy has a high success rate, potential complications include:

• Swelling and discomfort

• Prolonged recovery in certain cases

• Need for additional surgeries in rare cases

• Temporary or permanent vision changes

Vitrectomy vs. Other Eye Surgeries: What’s the Difference?

Unlike cataract surgery or LASIK, vitrectomy surgery focuses on treating retinal conditions rather than improving refractive errors. It is a specialized procedure designed for repairing severe eye conditions.

Why Choose Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital for Vitrectomy?

Dr Agarwals Eye Hospital is a leading provider of vitrectomy treatment in India, offering:

• Expert retinal surgeons with years of experience

• Advanced technology and advanced surgical facilities

• Comprehensive post-operative care and patient education

• High success rates and personalized treatment plans