अक्षिदोलन (निस्टैगमस) क्या है?

Types of Nystagmus

There are multiple types of nystagmus, each with different characteristics and causes.

1. Congenital Nystagmus (Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome – INS)

This form of nystagmus is present from birth and is often linked to genetic mutations, optic nerve disorders, or visual impairments. Babies with INS typically have wobbly eyes in babies, but their condition does not worsen over time.

2. Acquired Nystagmus

This occurs later in life and is usually due to neurological disorders, inner ear problems, or brain injuries. Acquired nystagmus can cause significant visual disturbances and balance issues.

3. Pendular Nystagmus

In pendular nystagmus, the eye movements are smooth and rhythmic, often caused by multiple sclerosis, brainstem lesions, or optic nerve disorders. This form is more common in adults.

4. Jerk Nystagmus

Jerk nystagmus involves a slow eye movement in one direction, followed by a fast corrective movement in the opposite direction. This type is often seen in vestibular disorders.

Risk Factors for Nystagmus

Several factors can increase the risk of developing nystagmus, including:

• आनुवंशिक प्रवृतियां:

Some forms of nystagmus are hereditary.

• Neurological conditions

Diseases like multiple sclerosis, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease can lead to abnormal eye movements.

• Inner ear problems:

Vestibular system dysfunction is a common cause of pendular nystagmus.

• Alcohol and drug use:

Excessive alcohol consumption or certain medications can trigger temporary nystagmus.

निस्टागमस के लिए टेस्ट

Diagnosing nystagmus requires a comprehensive nystagmus test to evaluate eye movement patterns and underlying causes. Eye specialists perform various assessments, including:

• Ophthalmologic Examination:

A thorough eye checkup to assess visual acuity, eye alignment, and pupil response.

• Neurological Evaluation:

Examining the brainstem and vestibular system to detect any neurological disorders causing abnormal eye movements.

• Electrooculography (EOG):

A test that records eye movement patterns and electrical activity in the eye muscles.

• MRI or CT Scans

Used to rule out brain abnormalities, tumors, or multiple sclerosis as potential causes.

• How to Check Nystagmus:

Simple observation of eye movements under different lighting conditions and head positions can help detect nystagmus symptoms.

How to Prevent Nystagmus?

Preventing nystagmus depends on its underlying cause. While congenital nystagmus cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of acquired nystagmus. Maintaining good eye health, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, managing neurological conditions, and reducing exposure to medications that affect the nervous system can help lower the risk. Nystagmus eye exercises, such as focusing on a fixed object and practicing slow eye tracking, may help improve stability and visual function. Regular eye checkups can also aid in early detection and management.

Treatment for Nystagmus Eyes (Eye Dandruff Treatment)

There is no universal cure for nystagmus, but various nystagmus treatments can help reduce symptoms and improve vision. The best approach depends on the type and severity of the condition.

1. Corrective Lenses & Contact Lenses

Wearing glasses or specialized contact lenses can enhance vision clarity by reducing abnormal eye movements and improving focus. Contact lenses are often preferred over glasses, as they move with the eyes, providing a more stable field of vision.

2. Medications & Therapies

Certain medications, such as gabapentin and memantine, have shown effectiveness in reducing nystagmus symptoms. Botox injections are sometimes used to temporarily paralyze overactive eye muscles, leading to improved focus. Vision therapy and nystagmus eye exercises may also be recommended to strengthen eye coordination.

3. Surgical Options

In severe cases, surgical intervention may be considered. Tenotomy surgery involves repositioning the eye muscles to reduce the severity of jerky eye movements, while optic nerve stimulation procedures are being explored as potential treatments.

When to See an Eye Specialist?

Anyone experiencing persistent involuntary eye movements, blurred vision, dizziness, or difficulty maintaining focus should consult an eye specialist immediately. Nystagmus causes in adults often stem from underlying neurological disorders that require prompt medical attention. In infants, if wobbly eyes in babies persist beyond the first few months of life, an early diagnosis can help in managing vision development. Regular eye checkups can help detect abnormal eye movements and initiate appropriate nystagmus treatment for better visual function.