Pre Descemets Endothelial Keratoplasty is a partial thickness corneal transplant. The diseased endothelial cells are removed from the patient’s eye and selectively replaced with a new layer of endothelial cells which are taken from the donated eye. The endothelial cells are the healthy cells lining the back of the cornea which pump fluid from the cornea to prevent the cornea swelling. The normal endothelial count is 2000 - 3000 cells/mm2. When the cells decrease in number < 500 cells/mm2, corneal decompensation occurs, clarity of the cornea reduces and eventually the vision becomes cloudy.

Vascular endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) is a protein produced in the human body which is responsible for production of new vessels and maintaining them. Under abnormal conditions like diabetic retinopathy, blood vessels obstruction and age related macular degeneration it causes formation of abnormal vessels which bleed, leak and ultimately lead to scar formation and vision loss

A vitrectomy is a surgical procedure undertaken by a specialist where the vitreous humor gel that fills the eye cavity is cleared to provide better access to the retina. The vitreous humor serves as a framework or support for the eye. In normal eyes, the vitreous is crystal clear and fills the eye from behind the iris and lens till the optic nerve. This area comprises two-thirds of the volume of the eye and is called the vitreous cavity. The vitreous cavity lies in front of the retina and choroid. Removal of this vitreous allows for the ease of a variety of retinal procedures.

On a summer day, on an average, people might be spending around 14 to 16 hours per day in an air-conditioned room, at work or at home to escape the heat outside and some of them might feel  dryness, irritation, stickiness, itching, burning and watering from the eyes. They may be developing  a problem which is  termed as the “Dry eye”, ‘Dry Eye Syndrome’ medically.

Scleral buckle surgery is one of the surgeries  done to  reattach a detached retina . (apart from vitrectomy). In this surgery the sclera is made to buckle up /infold to bring it in apposition to a detached retina and facilitate retinal reattachment .

Retinal laser photocoagulation is a modality of treatment used by ophthalmologists to treat various disorders related to retina. The list of disorders includes diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal breaks, central serous chorioretinopathy and choroidal neovascularization. Unlike patients’ beliefs, the procedure is not like a surgery. The doctor during this therapy ensures that the laser beam (focussed light waves) falls on the desired site in the retina. During this process heat energy is produced and retinal coagulation is achieved and thereby the intended treatment is provided.